Panjalu Kadiri Kingdom or the Kingdom, was a kingdom located in east Java between 1042-1222.Kerajaan is part of the ancient Mataram kingdom, the kingdom was centered in the city of Daha, which is located around the town of Kediri now. In 1042, King Airlangga ordered divide the kingdom into two parts. The division of the kingdom was carried out by a Brahmin who is known for his power MPU Bharada. Both kingdoms known as Jenggala and Panjalu, bordered by mountains and rivers Brantas Kawi. Objective division into two kingdoms in order to avoid conflict between the two sons.
The Royal Jenggala delta covers the area of Malang and Surabaya Brantas river with its harbor, Apex, and Pasuruhan, Kahuripan capital and first king who reigned was Mapanji Garasakan, while Panjalu later known as Kediri Kediri include, Madison, and its capital Daha. And was the first king who ruled Sri Samarawijaya. Based on inscriptions found each king who reigned between the two kingdoms together feel entitled to all Airlangga throne so that there was a civil war. At first the civil war, won by Jenggala but on the subsequent development Panjalu / Kediri who won the war and mastering all Airlangga throne. Thus, in East Java Kediri kingdom stood where the evidence explaining the kingdom, in addition to the discovery of inscriptions also through literary books.
B. The development of the kingdom of Kediri
The early days of the kingdom of Kadiri not widely known. Inscription Hyang Down II (1044), published just preach the kingdom Janggala civil war between the two kingdoms after the death of Airlangga.
History of the Kingdom Panjalu or Kadiri start with the inscription Sirah unknown heights in 1104 on behalf of Sri Jayawarsa. Kings before Sri Sri Samarawijaya Jayawarsa only the known, whereas the order of the kings after Sri Jayawarsa can already clearly known by the inscriptions were found.
Panjalu or kingdom under the rule of Sri Jayabhaya Janggala conquered kingdom with the famous motto in the inscriptions Ngantang (1135), namely Jayati Panjalu, or Panjalu Win.
In the reign of Sri Jayabhaya this, Panjalu kingdom experienced its heyday. The area covers the entire Java kingdom and several islands in the archipelago, even to defeat the influence of the kingdom of Srivijaya in Sumatra.
C. Economic and Social Conditions in the Age of Empire Kadiri
Kediri economy comes on trade, livestock, and agriculture. Kediri known as a producer of rice, cotton and silkworms. Thus, in light of the economic, Kediri kingdom prosperous. This is evident from the ability of the kingdom provide a steady income to employees paid with cash crops. This information is obtained based on the book of Chi-Fan-Chi and the book Ling-wai-tai-ta.
Kediri social life is quite good because it increases the welfare of the people live in peace, as seen from the houses people were nice, clean, and neat, and tile floors are colored yellow, and green as well as people Kediri have wear fabric up under knee. With the lives of its people safe and peaceful the arts can flourish include the most advanced literary literary arts. This is evident from the number of literary productions that you can know up to now.
This is reinforced Chinese chronicles titled Ling wai tai ta work of Chou Ku-fei year 1178, that at that time the richest country apart from China in order are Arab, Java, and Sumatra. At that time the Arabs were ruled Abbasids, Panjalu kingdom in Java, while the Sumatran Srivijaya kingdom ruled.
The discovery site Tondowongso in early 2007, which is believed to be relics of the kingdom of Kadiri is expected to help provide more information about the kingdom. Several statues of ancient relics of the kingdom of Kediri. Statues found in Gayam village, Kediri was rare because for the first time discovered a statue of Lord Shiva chess or poker face four.
C. King of kings who ruled the kingdom of Kadiri
Sri Samarawijaya, the son Airlangga whose name is found in inscriptions Pamwatan (1042).
Sri Jayawarsa, based on inscriptions Sirah heights (1104). It is not known with certainty whether it is a direct replacement for Sri Samarawijaya or not.
Sri Bameswara, based on inscriptions Padelegan I (1117), inscription Panumbangan (1120), and the inscription Tangkilan (1130).
Sri Jayabhaya, is the greatest king of Kadiri, based on inscriptions Ngantang (1135), inscription Talan (1136), and Kakawin Bhāratayuddha (1157).
Sri Sarweswara, based on inscriptions Padelegan II (1159) and the inscription Kahyunan (1161).
Sri Aryeswara, based on inscriptions Wind (1171).
Sri Gandra, based on inscriptions Nets (1181).
Sri Kameswara, based on inscriptions Ceker (1182) and Kakawin Smaradahana.
And the last king is Kertajaya, based on inscriptions Galunggung (1194), Inscription Kamulan (1194), inscription Palah (1197), inscription Wates Kulon (1205), Nagarakretagama, and Pararaton.
Sri Kadiri Samarawijaya was the first king who ruled since 1042 is Sri Samawawijaya full Masehi.Gelar Dharmasuparnawaha True Uttunggadewa.Sri Jayawarsa Kadiri is the king who ruled around the year 1104 Masehi.Nama abhisekanya title was Sri Maharaja Jayawarsa mighty Sastraprabhu> not in the know when Sri Jayawarsa up tahta.Peninggalan history at heights Sirah inscription found was in 1104 AD that contains validation Marjaya village as fief or sima swantantra
The famous king of the kingdom of Kediri include King Kameswara (1115 - 1130 AD) used Lancana Candrakapale the fanged skull. During his reign produced many literary works, even metaphorical story of his life are known in Panji.
The next king Jayabaya reigned 1130 - 1160.Gelar full is the Mapanji Jayabhaya Maharaja Sri Sri Madhusudana Awatarindhita Warmeswara Suhtrisingha Parakrama Uttunggadewa.Pemerintahannya regarded as the heyday of Kadiri, in practice he ruled Lancana Narasingha is half man half lion. During his reign Kediri peak greatness and also produced many works of literature, especially prediction of Indonesia such as the coming Messiah. Historical relics in the form of inscriptions or Ngantang Hantang 1135 AD, 1136 AD inscription Talan, Inscription Jepun 1144 AD and 1157 AD Kakawin Bhāratayuddha, Kakawin Bhāratayuddha in Sedah composed by MPU and continue by MPU Panuluh and finished in writing dated 6 November 1157 AD.
1181 year reign of Sri Gandra there is something interesting in the future, which for the first time obtained outstanding people use animal names as the name suggests is like Kebo Salawah, Manjangan Puguh, White Tiger, Elephant Yellow, etc.. Furthermore, the year 1200 - 1222 is king of Kediri is Kertajaya. He wore Lancana Garudamuka like Ria Airlangga, undiplomatic unfortunately this king, so it is not liked by the people, especially the Brahmans. This is what ultimately causes the end of the kingdom of Kediri, because the Brahmans took shelter with Ken Arok in Singosari that in 1222 Ken Arok destroys Kediri.
D. Literature and Inscriptions in the Age of Empire Kadiri
Inscription on Kadiri Kingdom era such as:
Banjaran inscription which dates to the year 1052 AD describes Panjalu or Kadiri victory over Jenggala
Inscription Hantang year 1135 or 1052 AD describes Panjalu or Kadiri in the inscription King Jayabaya.Pada there are Panjalu Jayati motto meaning Menang.Prasasti Kadiri is issued as an instrument of ratification Ngantang boon for villagers loyal to Kadiri during the war with Jenggala.Dan of the inscription may be in the know if the king is the king Jayabhaya to beat Janggala and unite again with Kadiri.
Inscription Jepun 1144 M
Inscription Talan 1136 M
Literary arts also received a lot of attention at the time of the kingdom of Kadiri. In 1157 Kakawin Bhāratayuddha written by MPU MPU Panuluh Sedah and resolved. This book comes from the Mahabharata that contains Pandavas victory over the Kauravas, as a metaphor, victory.
MPU Panuluh also wrote Kakawin Hariwangsa and Ghatotkachasraya There is also a poet of the reign of Sri Kameswara named MPU Dharmaja wrote Kakawin Smaradahana. Book Lubdaka and Wertasancaya work Akung.Kitab Kresnayana Tan MPU MPU works and books Triguna Sumanasantaka.karya Monaguna MPU.
In addition to the books of literature and inscriptions mentioned above, also found that many Chinese news provides an overview of the life of society and government Kediri not found from other sources. China News is compiled through a book called Ling-mai-tai-ta written by Cho-ku-Fei year 1178 AD and the book of Chu-Fan-Chi-written by Chau Ju-Kua in 1225 AD Thus through inscriptions, literary books and books written Chinese people is the development of Kediri.
E. The collapse of the kingdom of Kadiri
Kadiri Kingdom collapsed during the reign of King Kertajaya, and told in Pararaton Nagarakretagama.Pada in 1222 and is at loggerheads Raja Kertajaya against the Brahmins who later seek refuge Ken Arok Arok akuwu Tumapel.Ken be akuwu Tumapel after killing stumps Ametung, akuwu Tumapel Previous and accidental Ken Arok and aspire to liberate Tumapel which is the subordinate Kadiri.
The war between Kadiri and Tumapel occurred near the village of Ganter. Ken Arok forces managed to destroy the forces Kertajaya. Thus ended the kingdom of Kadiri, who since then Ken Arok later founded the kingdom of Kadiri Singhasari and subordinate Tumapel or Singhasari
No comments:
Post a Comment