Indrapura history

preliminary

Dikabupaten South Coast, West Sumatra province, located in the south of the city of Padang, teptnya Problem beheaded in the district, which borders the river full and Bengkulu, there masihmisteri heritage and devoid of information that is Indrapura.

First appeared Inderapura royal name in a paper written by Djanuir Chalifah Indra with the title; History Inderapura kingdom in 1970 [2]. But long before that klerks have noted the presence of the imperial government with regard Inderapura border treaty in his book; statement Geography and Ethnology of Kerinci district, Serampas and Quiet River, 1890.

Indrapura to attract attention when Rusli Amran [3] writes about the destruction of this kingdom, and vote as a sad story.

Of all the stories about the kingdom Indrapura can not explain the full tettang Indrapura government, so the government Indrapura remains a mystery and a question mark for the community and various groups.

Here the author tries to uncover the mystery and answer these question marks by writing about the royal Indrapura based Manuscript Usali Government of the Sultanate of Inderapura as a source of real and authentic history.

Indrapura country in South Coast

1.1. Origin of name Indrapura

Etymologically there are several opinions about the origin of the name Indrapura [4]. Means the god Indra, the supreme deity or god Batara Indra Indra, Sri Maharaja Indra god. Pura means a place or country. So is the country seat Indrapura god Indra, Indra Warman Affairs Sri Maharaja Dewa.

But others argue that the vocabulary of the senses comes from a true sense, a indrajati and turn sound into Indojati, the Original King, the King of Truth, while the temple comes from the word meaning Puro pack, or a bag of rocks where permatamilik king. In his memoirs says puro king fell into the water, lost and found again, the water is the location of the place called Puro water that eventually the country later changed its name to the tongue of the people Indrapura Indrapura call indopuro / Indopugho which means puro puro king or god.

1.2. Geographical Overview

When we are out of Padang, More than 40 Km before Lunang the South Coastal districts Problem beheaded, then turn right, about 10 km into it, that's where letaksebuah villages which are still called Indrapura. Flute flows a river of his day have the port itself called Estuary Sakai. When we travel smth. Downstream river from the estuary Sakai Indrapura aboard a boat, about half an hour later we arrive dimuaranya which meets the sea west coast of Sumatra. Previously contained bay dimuara river is the oldest port in the west Sumatran coast line known to harbor Samuderapura.

There is a fishing village, to the left of the mouth of the river is the village called Sand Ganting, and right in front of the mouth we see deltas flanked by small rivers among other major rivers that also boils over there. Diujungnya a meeting was held two large estuaries. A river that flows from Muara Sakai Inderapura, the other dating from the direction of the country with its mouth named Haji Air Estuary Bantayan.

Meeting these two estuaries, the estuary and the estuary sakai Indrapura called Bantayan locals with names Gedang Estuary. In front of this there Gedang Muara small islands called the King Island and Island Princess. Delta-delta-called pelokan Downstream and Pelokan Homecoming is only an uninhabited wilderness, such as the empty islands. That part of the sea towards the land Inderapura premises vast rice field but full of swamp ketenggelaman age.

Judging from the Minangkabau Pariangan centered around the slopes of Mount Merapi, Indrapura is a country located at the southern coast of West Sumatra's west coast. Now Inderapura just a kanagarian dikabupaten southern coast led by a Wali Nagari. Inhabited this land consists of Malay indigenous tribe called the High Malay Kampung Dalam, Malay Gedang, Sikumbang, Caniago, Cape and other ethnic Minangkabau. But there is also a descendant of Javanese as Gresik, Tuban, and Bugis who have melted into the South Coastal Indrapura [5]. 

1.3. Mystery of History

Indrapura, a country that is still but an unexplored mystery to this day, centuries deep in the fog of history, escaped the surveillance of members, lost in dreams of the heir to the descendants of the sultans of the former Kingdom of the oldest Islamic Sultanate. At least as old as the age in and of Islam itself berkembangnyaagama oceanic archipelago, which is extinct in the land itself.

Never a vast empire stretching keutara samapai-up past the Padang, Paraiaman, Tiku, Water Bangis and Maeulaboh, keselatan to hurai River, although a formal part of the Minangkabau, based in Pagarruyung, but practically stand alone, independent with no ties whatsoever.

Balahan brotherhood and stream the descendants descendants scattered everywhere, including lowering the Kings of Islam who also held the rank of Emperor in his day and some are to be the leaders of the country from ancient to present this archipelago region.

According to Ruli Amran [6], is an area that formerly Indrapura most, important, and terkayapula on the West Coast of West Sumatra. We see the continued decline of this Government in any field either on the area, the economy and government. Besides the Dutch and Aceh, the UK also has a huge interest in the area. But in many ways, Britain premises behind disbanding the Netherlands, but specifically about Indrapura, England persistent once tried to instill their power there.

History is the story Indrapura memories tinged history of depression and sadness. History does not much describe the government of the Sultanate of Inderapura South Shore. Formation process is also unknown.

1.4. Pepper and Gold as a source of conflict

Pepper, spices and gold is the greatest result and the source of wealth and success Indrapura. But the pepper and the gold was exactly Indrapura fell and could not stand up anymore.

Indrapura in drill with dark eyes by Archipelago gold hunters who come from various countries. The Portuguese and Spanish to explore the world in search of gold, and they traced the western coast of Sumatra island looking for gold was around the island of Nias.

The Portuguese hear stories about Ilha De Ouro (Golden Island) at the beginning of the 16th century in India, then they went to Sumatra. Their world map in 1520 AD, which is now stored in the biblioteca Estense in Modena has memasukkann Sumatra in it. [7]

Diogo Pacheo recorded as the first European to enter Sumatra, the expedition was equipped to search Ophir, a country which is expected to Solomon Gold is one of the mountains of Sumatra eams. But the Sumatran no one wants to say where the gold is there.

Many writers tells the story of King Solomon sent Phoenician fleet in 945 BC to Mount Ophir remains attractive to adventurers in the land of gold there, as revealed by Nia Kurnia through historical articles he wrote, as well as in his kingdom of Srivijaya, Nia wrote that in Kitap I Kings chapter 9 contained information that subordinates Hiram, king of Tyre, sailed to Ophir in search of gold, and Hiram offered 420 talents of gold to Solomon.

Sumatran secret gold mine remains hidden. Adventurers search of gold islands have become a mystery in itself, but the hunt is still persist. Until the 17th century, some of which can no longer be kept secret.

Further described in the article about his work writing Ferrant Garbriel Sumatranais L'empire de Crivijaya expressed that the Sriwijaya, Sumatra island called Swuvarnadvipa, with its capital Suvarnapura Suvarnabhumi, which means Island of Gold, Earth gold, gold Affairs was renamed the Chinese people Kincheou [8 ].

1.5. Indrapura, a complicated figure Doors

Of the many ports of gold and spices in Sumatra, especially adventurers who visited the gold hunters to the west coast of Sumatra as Pancur,, Tiku, Pariaman, Nyalo River, Tarusan, shadow, Salido, Ten City, and Bengkulu turns not many know Indrapura.

Rusli Amran try to provide information about the existence Indrapura but it's just a record of historical events that occurred in the Dutch Company, the UK and also Aceh, which are competing for influence in West Sumatra, the Minangkabau of West Coast time.

Likewise Djanuir writing papers Khalifah St. Inderapura sense of the history of the kingdom is delivered in seminar Minagkabau History and Culture (1970) has not got a lot of feedback writers of history, because there is no authentic evidence.

Though Inderapura as a government Usali Sultanate is a complicated figure door covers the background history of the pillars of Islam Nusantara especially Islamic Minangkabau in West Sumatra. Similarly, the history and genealogy of the most powerful sultans in various Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago zamanya. Inderapura holds many secrets of success and wealth of the island of Sumatra. Sandwiched between the interests of adventurous Portuguese, English and Dutch VOC then scapegoat Aceh.

Inderapura Sultanate is the key that holds the secret of uric riding the history of Kings Malay archipelago such as Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Bugis Makassar, Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Jakarta, Betawi, Siak Sri Indrapura, Sriwijaya, Dharmasraya, Pariangan, Minangkabau, Pagarruyung and Aceh, which then spread to other areas of this archipelago region. Collapses in ketersembunyiannya, harbored the true secret, but remains steadfast in its ruins, rich in secrecy, mystical beliefs, but poor in the presence of contemporary history.

The last king of the Kingdom of the Sultanate of Sultan Muhammad Bakhi Indrapura is the title of Sultan Firman, who ruled in 1860-1891. From its inception until the end of the IX century recorded the XIX century, this means that since the government stands to survive success for 10 century as a government of the Sultanate of Islam in the archipelago.

From the remains of the history that has been washed away only manuscripts Ranji Genealogy Royal Sultanate Indrapura who still live and preserved by their heirs. The manuscript is enough to prove kepad us, that the area which is now the South Pesisisr Provonsi districts of West Sumatra is a former royal Sultanate Usali Indrapura did hold various Mystery History archipelago past.

An important document that a witness where the government of the Sultanate Usali Indrapura past. This document is a manuscript description of the contents of Genealogy kings and sultans Indrapura past. Perhaps the only authentic evidence of the existence of job Usali twertulis Indrapura Sultanate in South Coastal District of West Sumatra Province.

The manuscript is traditionally called Malay Ranji High, High Ranji Inderapura, manuscript form paper roll with a length of approximately 507 x 57.2 cm. Stored in a tube made of tin plate is dark brown with a length of 65 cm and a diameter of 10 cm.

In the writing of the manuscript was decorated with arabic characters lines thick branches up to the end of the crop cycle resembles a circle / disc with red ink, black, blue and green. There are as many as 203 pieces of circles contained in the manuscript, and 7 pieces rubber stamp in several places throughout the text. When viewed as a whole the lines and circles forming a branching tree with branches and twigs. In every circle is written the name or title of descendants.

Fig trees are descendants of the manuscript engraved in the lines and circles of red, black, green, blue beautiful and enchanting. Written in Malay Arabic script on the old paper color is brownish whose condition had rotted, so it needs to be another layer of paper, neatly as reinforcement terekat rear Ranji manuscript paper. When the manuscript was about to be issued the Ranji heir always first read the prayer.

There is a separate discourse about this Ranji manuscript amongst the people, talk to each other is genuine or not real, there is a call to the high Indrapura legend, there was a call by Ranj High and so on. High Tambo's nothing to say that the ancients made of camel skin, but are now only of the paper. Strangely along to the author interviewed, said that they had never seen the manuscript directly.

But after reading the authors looked at the dam itself, the tradition of writers ignore what the paper, how old, what ink or who wrote it. For writers traditionally important is the content, what is written in the manuscript Ranji it. Apparently in addition to Ranji lineage also take important notes about the ins and outs of the government, the ruling king or sultan, the empire, the records of heritage items and communal land and other governments. This is interesting.

I first read the manuscript Ranji in Padang, and then remove tuliskannya into Latin inscription in the month of October 1989, with permission from the heirs of Sultan Firman GLR Burhanuddin Sultan Alam [9], custom shoots Kampung In Indrapura, on the South coast. Now (2004) Ranji has been handed over to his nephew bernam Rahmi Hatifah daughter, 55 yrs. Address at the market next to No. 101 Nagari Inderapura, District beheading Problem South Coastal District, West Sumatra.

The purpose is to eliminate write awaldnya dhanya for ease of reading and studying alone. From the opening manuscripts often, better made Latin inscription, neatly typed Laulu. The author won the trust of the beneficiary to do it with pleasure, even though it was heavy duty. But didorang by his curiosity to make the author as a son of the South Coast eager to do it, even in private kemusian authors undertook a comparative study with different search, study, research and observation space, ie, into the land-land that has a relationship with Inderapura.

Ranji transcripts, it is not according to the usual methodology is scientific, but practical transcripts, removing write freely what you read, what reading and then written as a copy of the letter and the Latin language. That's it. In an effort mentranskripkan this manuscript, the author was not working alone, as the authors would like to thank Mr. heirs. Soetan Boerhanuddin degree Firmansyah Sultan Alam who telaqh permit and entrusted him to the heritage of the original script writers write to be read and deleted. As well as thanks to Mr. Datuk Machudum (wf Th Alm 2003) which has provided the hotel room of fasulitas Machudum for this job, he even helped membacakanya author together with his manuscript owner's heirs.

What-what the author wrote and kept writing confirmed to the heirs and jointly perform the check again on reading that is transcribed. Attention is focused on the possibility of only one meaning, or misunderstanding of the text.

Ranji genealogical tree trunks or sultans usli empire inderapura work is quite long record all the sultans who ruled the kingdom of the empire Indrapura from generation to generation. There are 33 Sultan, accompanied by the King or Queen and uaraian brief notes under each name. The members may be better able to study the text in a more presentable.

[1] This paper was prepared for the International Symposium on Society Pernaskahan Nusantara (Manasa), 26-28 July 2004, at the homestead martyr, Ciputat State Islamic University, Jakarta

[2] Djanuir Chalifah St Indra, 1970. History of the Kingdom Inderapura. Committee History and Government Seminar Minangkabau, Padang

[3] Rusli Amran, 1981. West Sumatra Plakat As Long, Sinar Harapan: Jakarta

[4] The government elders who also used the name Indrapura is kerarajaan Campa. In Aceh (Lamuri) also Indrapuri name, as well as in the field, and there Langkat country also named Indrapura. In Riau also Siak Sri Indrapura kingdom. Jakarta earlier also named Indrapura. Indrapura general sense is the king of the town or village the King. Menjawa no country named Indrapura. That said, not even allowed to wear Indrapura name, because that name belongs to the Kings Swarnabhumi. Maybe something to do as a result of clashes between Balaputa Gods Swarnabhumi founder with husband Pikatan Rakai Pramodharwarni ruling in Java. But the essence is that the Kings Swarnabhumi and the descent of Mount Merapi on trust when it considers itself the descendants of Gods Indra, so I Kings Swarnabhumi titled Gods and pastor Rev. title Gods-Lord, the God of the people who are on Earth. Kings are considered descendants of the gods Indra was Srivijaya, Melayu, Swarnabhumi, Minangkabau then known by the name of gods Indra Ninik Indojati or Indrajati.

[5] People Gresik in Indrapura was named Rang Mat Kayo METI, Rang Kayo Gom Sati, Sati Andan Rang Kayo, and the title under the coordination of Rang Kayo Tumenggung, Rangkayo Nangkhodo Bases, Acting first title dating from Gresik (nan dating from lawik) . Before iotu also Datuk Nagkohodo tongues of Singosari. These titles stand alone for the Gresik and Tuban, customarily given by the Minang people.

[6] Rusli Amran, 1981, West Sumatra Up Plaque Length. Sinar Harapan Jakarta, hl: 228

[7] Kompas Sunday. 1981

[8] The original name of the island of Sumatra, which recorded genealogy sources Minagkabau Tambo is an island of gold, or gold in the ground cover called Suvarnadwipa Sanskrit and Suvarnabhumi. It was found written on the various inscriptions on Sumatra. I-Tsing mentions in the 7th century to the island of Sumatra, with Chinchou meaning golden land. Chincou said still applies to kin-ceu said the Kerinci.

[9] Retired Abri, the biological son daughter Goddess Gindan Nature in High Malay Kampung In Indrapura. Based on history (Historically Rech) by the ruler of the Sultanate Indrapura Minister, Density Traditional Kenagarian Indrapura District beheaded about the South Coastal District of West Sumatra province, has been described as the rightful heirs of the Sultanate Government ex Indrapura, by letter dated 29-ist/KAN-1975 No. May 9, 1975. Last descendant of the former kingdom of the Sultanate Indrapura written in Ranji Native is Princess Gindan Indrapura Nature Goddess (mother of St. Burhanuddin) with his brother Sultan Setiawansyah Indrapura.